- Test Overview: The Widal Test (Tube Test) is a serological diagnostic tool used to detect antibodies against Salmonella bacteria, specifically for diagnosing typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever. This method involves a more quantitative approach compared to the slide test and is performed using test tubes.
- Purpose: The test aims to identify the presence of agglutinating antibodies (O and H antigens) in a patient’s serum, which indicate recent or past infection with Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi. It assists clinicians in diagnosing typhoid and guiding treatment options.
- Procedure: In the tube test, diluted serum samples from the patient are mixed with standardized Salmonella antigens in a series of test tubes. The mixtures are then incubated, and agglutination is assessed, indicating the presence of specific antibodies. The results are measured in titers, providing a quantitative assessment.
- Interpretation of Results: Results are expressed as titers, with higher titers indicating a stronger immune response to the infection. A significant rise in titers between acute and convalescent phases can confirm an active infection, while single high titers may suggest recent exposure.
- Limitations: The Widal Tube Test has limitations, including potential cross-reactivity with other infections, variable sensitivity and specificity, and the possibility of false positives due to previous vaccinations or infections. Therefore, results should be interpreted in conjunction with clinical findings and additional tests.
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