- Definition and Overview: White blood cells (WBCs), or leucocytes, are a crucial component of the immune system, responsible for defending the body against infections and foreign invaders. They are produced in the bone marrow and circulate throughout the bloodstream and lymphatic system.
- Types of WBCs: There are several types of white blood cells, each with distinct functions. The major categories include neutrophils (which target bacteria), lymphocytes (which are involved in adaptive immunity), monocytes (which differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells), eosinophils (which combat parasites and are involved in allergic reactions), and basophils (which release histamine during inflammatory responses).
- Role in Immune Response: WBCs play a vital role in identifying and eliminating pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They also participate in the inflammatory response, tissue repair, and the overall maintenance of homeostasis within the immune system.
- Testing and Clinical Significance: A complete blood count (CBC) typically includes a WBC count, which helps assess immune function and diagnose various conditions. Abnormal WBC levels can indicate infections, inflammatory diseases, allergies, or blood disorders, such as leukemia.
- Normal Range and Variability: The normal range for WBC counts is typically between 4,000 and 11,000 cells per microliter of blood. Levels can fluctuate based on various factors, including stress, physical activity, and underlying health conditions, making context important in interpretation.
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