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Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It progresses through several stages, beginning with the appearance of a painless sore (chancre) at the site of infection, typically followed by systemic symptoms like rashes and fever during the secondary stage. If left untreated, syphilis can progress to latent and tertiary stages, potentially causing serious health complications affecting the heart, brain, and other organs. Diagnosis is primarily made through blood tests, and it is effectively treated with antibiotics, most commonly penicillin. Early detection and treatment are crucial for preventing long-term health issues and transmission. Safe sex practices and regular STI screenings are key preventive measures.