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Description

1. SAAG Ratio: The Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG) is a calculation used to help determine the cause of ascites, or fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity. It compares the albumin levels in serum and ascitic fluid.
2. Purpose: The SAAG ratio is primarily used to differentiate between portal hypertension-related ascites and non-portal hypertension-related ascites. It helps guide diagnosis and management in patients with liver disease, heart failure, and other conditions.
3. Calculation: The SAAG is calculated by subtracting the albumin concentration in ascitic fluid from the serum albumin concentration. A higher SAAG (≥ 1.1 g/dL) typically indicates portal hypertension, while a lower SAAG (< 1.1 g/dL) suggests other causes, such as malignancy or infection.
4. Interpretation:
   • High SAAG (≥ 1.1 g/dL): Commonly associated with conditions like cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease, and heart failure, indicating increased pressure in the portal venous system.
   • Low SAAG (< 1.1 g/dL): Associated with conditions like malignancy, tuberculosis, or pancreatitis, where portal hypertension is not the primary factor.
5. Clinical Relevance: The SAAG ratio is a valuable tool in clinical practice, aiding healthcare providers in diagnosing the underlying causes of ascites and guiding further diagnostic testing and treatment.
6. Limitations: While SAAG is useful, it is not definitive on its own; clinical context and additional tests are necessary for a comprehensive evaluation of the patient’s condition.