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Here are some short descriptions for the Maternal Screen Double Marker, focusing on its purpose, components, and clinical significance:

Maternal Screen Double Marker

1. Definition: The Maternal Screen Double Marker is a prenatal screening test that measures the levels of two specific biomarkers—usually pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)—in a pregnant woman’s blood.
2. Purpose: This screening is conducted during the first trimester of pregnancy (typically between 11 and 14 weeks) to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and trisomy 18, in the developing fetus.
3. Test Components:
   • PAPP-A: This protein is produced by the placenta and its levels typically decrease in pregnancies affected by certain genetic conditions.
   • hCG: This hormone is produced early in pregnancy, and abnormal levels can indicate potential issues with the pregnancy.
4. Clinical Significance: Elevated or decreased levels of these markers can indicate an increased risk for specific conditions. The results, combined with maternal age and ultrasound findings, help healthcare providers assess the need for further diagnostic testing, such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis.
5. Limitations: While the double marker screening provides valuable information about the risk of chromosomal abnormalities, it is not definitive. A positive screening result does not confirm a diagnosis; further testing is required for confirmation.
6. Follow-Up: Depending on the results, healthcare providers may recommend additional screening or diagnostic tests to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the fetus. Early identification of potential issues allows for better management and planning during the pregnancy.