The Bence Jones Protein test detects the presence of free light chains of immunoglobulins, known as Bence Jones proteins, in the urine. These proteins are typically produced in excess by certain types of plasma cells, particularly in conditions like multiple myeloma and other related plasma cell disorders. The test is used to diagnose and monitor these conditions, as the presence of Bence Jones proteins can indicate abnormal plasma cell activity. The test usually involves a 24-hour urine collection, and elevated levels of Bence Jones proteins can provide important information about the extent of disease and response to treatment.
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